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Finance Lessons

Greeks & Hedging

Final Exam: Running the Book

A graded, locked capstone across the whole Greeks & Hedging course — delta and gamma, theta and rho, vega and the volatility surface, delta-neutral hedging, gamma scalping, and P&L attribution.

15 min Updated Jun 6, 2026

This is where you take the chair. Five lessons handed you the full risk dashboard — how delta and gamma steer your directional exposure, how theta and rho tick the clock and the curve, how vega and the volatility surface price your fear, how a delta-neutral hedge is rebalanced into existence, and how gamma scalping turns a hedge into a strategy whose P&L you can decompose to the penny. Now you run the book without a net. No formula sheet, no hints, no second guesses: every answer locks the instant you submit it, and every wrong option is a misconception that has cost a real trainee real money. Read all four choices, twice, before you commit.

Warning:

How this exam works

This is a graded exam. Questions arrive one at a time. Once you submit an answer it is final — there is no going back, no second try, and a wrong answer simply fails that question. Your score stays hidden until the very end, where you need 70% to pass. Slow down and read every option before you commit.

Question 1 of 25

You are long 40 call contracts (each on 100 shares) with a per-share delta of 0.35. What is your position delta in shares, and what does it mean?

Select an answer to continue.

Whatever the score reads, the dashboard you just stress-tested — delta and gamma steering direction and convexity, theta and rho ticking time and rates, vega and the surface pricing fear, the delta-neutral hedge you rebalance into shape, and the gamma scalp whose P&L you can attribute term by term — is exactly what an options market-maker watches every minute the book is open. Here is the whole course in one glance.

Big picture

Running the Greeks Book

  • Greeks & Hedging
    • Delta & gamma up close
      • Delta = N(d1) = hedge ratio; position delta = contracts × 100 × delta
      • Gamma = rate of change of delta; peaks ATM near expiry
      • Dollar gamma = delta change per 1% move
      • Sign table: long option = +gamma; short put = +delta, −gamma
    • Theta, rho & the clock
      • Theta negative for long options; accelerates near expiry
      • Gamma–theta duality: rent convexity by paying decay
      • Rho: call positive, put negative; small at short tenors
      • Theta is a per-day rate: weekly bleed ≈ 5 × daily theta
    • Vega & the volatility surface
      • Vega = S·φ(d1)·√T; price per 1 vol point
      • Peaks ATM, grows with √T
      • Short end = big gamma; long end = big vega
      • Smile (symmetric) vs equity skew; term structure axis
    • Delta-neutral hedging
      • Rehedge because gamma keeps moving delta
      • Hedging error proportional to gamma
      • Error standard deviation shrinks like 1/√N
      • Transaction-cost U-curve; delta-neutral is NOT riskless
    • Gamma scalping & P&L attribution
      • Long gamma: buy low / sell high as you rehedge
      • Scalp per move ≈ 1/2 × gamma × (dS)^2
      • Profit when realized vol > implied vol (minus theta)
      • Attribution: delta·dS + ½gamma·(dS)² + vega·dσ + theta·dt

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